In compliance and litigation settings, we are routinely confronted by an opposing party alleging some form of inappropriate conduct. Disputes often arise involving overpayment allegations, audits of insurance claims, or purported false claims and any of these allegations may invoke sampling and extrapolation as the basis for such claims. In those cases, an aptitude for evaluating and disputing statistical sampling is valuable. This is the second of a two-part series addressing techniques for scrutinizing sampling analysis.